NREMTP Review-Porcha 🚑🚒
Acid/Base
120/80
Systolic/Systole
The pressure in the arteries during the heart's contraction
Diastolic/Diastole
The pressure in the arteries during the heart's relaxation (Fill)
Preload-ALWAYS think VOLUME!!!
Total VOLUME or amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole
The ventricles are pre-loading getting ready for the next beat
Afterload-Always think RESISTANCE/PRESSURE
The total resistance the left ventricle must overcome to pump out the blood
62 M-Crackles, JVD, and pedal edema=Increased preload
VS-198/100, HR-110=Increased Afterload
Nitroglycerin=vasodilator
Lowers the BP=Decreased Afterload
Lowers Preload
Tachypnea=Fast breathing
Hyperventilation=Fast & Deep Breathing=Blowing off too much CO2
Severe asthma attack
tachypnea
I am struggling to get air in and off load CO2
Mistake
If the pt. is breathing fast, that is obviously respiratory Alkalosis
CO2=Carbon Dioxide=Carbonic Acid
Normal CO2/ETCO2/PCO2/PaCO2=35-45
Respiratory Acidosis (CO2 is >45)-They are holding on to CO2, they are retaining it
Respiratory failure
Asthma
COPD
Emphysema
Chronic Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Opioid OD
Respiratory Alkalosis (CO2 is below 35)
Hyperventilation
Fear
Anxiety
fevers/Infections
Severe pain
DKA
It is a body/kidney problem
The lungs will try and compensate=Kussmaul Respirations
Metabolic Acidosis (Body/Kidney problem)
The LUNGS will help the body/kidneys by breathing fast to off load carbonic acid (CO2)
Shock
Hypoperfusion=Lactic Acid
Metabolic Acidosis
Tachypnea
DKA
producing ketones=ACIDS
The lungs will do Kussmaul to blow off co2 which is an acid
Hyperkalemia
Potassium is an ACID
Tachypnea
Renal Failure
Crush Injuries
ACIDS
Lactic ACID
CO2=ACID
Potassium=Acid
ketones=Acids
Hydrogen ions=Acids
Kidneys=Bicarbonate (Base)-It fights acid
Lungs=CO2
Metabolic Acidosis
The LUNGs will help and breath faster (get rid of ACID)
ETCO2 is GREATER than 45
Metabolic Alkalosis
The LUNGs will help by breathing slower (to retain ACID)
ETCO2 is LESS than 35
Capnography
Cap=CO2
Hypercapnia
High CO2 >45
ETCO2=CO2=PCO2=PaCO2
Syndrome-Is not just 1 thing. It is a collection of conditions
ACS
Unstable angina
STEMI
NSTEMI
COPD
Emphysema
Chronic Bronchitis
Pleuritic CP
CP on inhalation
Lung problem