NREMTP Review-Fernando K. 🚒🚑
Topics to Study
SIGNS (Murphy's sign, McBurney's sign, Psoas Sign, Rovsing's Sign, Cullen's Sign, Grey Turner's sign)
Metabolic acidosis & Alkalosis
Toxidromes (Stimulant OD-Cocaine/Meth, TCAs ODs, Serotonin Syndrome, Beta Blockers, Cholinergic vs Anticholinergics)
Actual questions from the NREMTP Exam (May 2026)
You have been dispatched to a 65-year-old male who is unresponsive at a local park. Upon arrival you find law enforcement on scene performing CPR and they state that the patient was found by bystanders in cardiac arrest. What is you and your crew's priority action upon arrival?
A. Take over CPR from law enforcement
B. Immediately place defibrillation pads on the patient
C. Question bystanders about the events leading up to the arrest
D. Remove the clonidine transdermal patch on the patient's chest
You must remove all medication patches from the chest prior to placing pads
medication patches have aluminum in them=it will cause burns!!
What are the contraindications for opioid analgesics such as Morphine, Fentanyl, Demerol?
Select 3 answers
A. Bradycardia
B. SBP less than 100
C. Respiratory depression
D. Head Trauma
E. Early Pregnancy
F. Stroke 6 months ago
The paramedic arrives on scene at a C-BRNE incident. What type of incident did the paramedic arrive at?
A. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosion
B. Chemical, Burns, Radiological, Nuclear, Environmental
C. Compression, Biological, Rhabdomyolysis, Nuclear, Envenomation
D. Chemical, Blast, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosion
You have a patient who presents w/ a positive Murphy's sign. What is this sign and what does it indicate?
A. Appendicitis-Pain between the umbilicus and the iliac crest (McBurney's Sign)
B. Cholecystitis-RUQ pain on palpation during inhalation
C. Intraabdominal Bleeding-Bruising around the belly button (Cullen's Sign)
D. Myocardial Infarction-Clutching the chest in response to Chest pain (Levine's Sign)
What is the priority medication the paramedic would administer for a 4-year-old who presents w/ symptomatic bradycardia, showing a HR of 42 on the EKG?
A. Atropine
B. Epinephrine
C. Dopamine
D. Procainamide
What condition causes swelling of the vocal cords and subglottic areas?
A. Laryngotracheitis (Croup)
B. Epiglottitis
C. RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
D. Pneumonia
Which of the following conditions can lead to a splenic infarction, priapism, and increases the risk of a stroke?
A. Sickle cell anemia
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Pancreatitis
D. Meningitis
What conditions could a pediatric patient have which would require the use of humidified oxygen?
Select 3
A. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
B. Croup
C. Epiglottitis
D. Pneumonia
E. RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
F. Cystic Fibrosis
What signs & symptoms would the paramedic expect to see in a cocaine/methamphetamine OD (Stimulant OD)?
List 7
Tachycardia
HTN
Tachypnea
Elevated temp
Mydriasis (>5 mm)
Diaphoresis
Agitation/psychosis
EKG Dysrhythmias
Seizures
Paramedic Treatment (6 interventions)
Ensure you and the pts. safety
oxygen as needed
12 Lead EKG
IV
Passive cooling
Active cooling chilled IV fluids or cold packs
Administer Benzos (Diazepam-Valium, Lorazepam-Ativan, Midazolam-Versed, ketamine)
On scene your 62 male patient presents w/ stable bradycardia at 41 bpm, he c/o dizziness, weakness, and nausea. You have administered 1 mg of Atropine IV without change on the monitor. The pt. has now had a syncopal episode and presents w/ a BP of 76/42. What would be your next intervention
A. Initiate a Dopamine infusion at 5 mcg/kg/min
B. Administer push dose epi 0.1 mg at a 9mL to 1 ratio
C. Initiate a Dobutamine infusion at 2 mcg
D. Administer Procainamide at 17 mg/kg
What signs and symptoms are seen with Labyrinthitis?
Select 3 answers
A. Tinnitus
B. Dyspnea
C. Loss of balance
D. Hemiparesis
E. Vomiting
F. Hearing Loss
Eupnea is defined as what?
A. Productive coughing
B. An infection of the lung tissue
C. Normal breathing
D. Agonal breathing
What chronic condition is characterized by uterine tissue growing outside of the uterus and presents with severe pain?
A. Endometriosis
B. Endometritis
C. Ectopic pregnancy
D. Polycystic ovarian disease
Endometrium-Inner lining of the uterus
When performing cardioversion why is it critical to sync the R-waves on the EKG prior to delivering the shock?
A. To prevent re-entry dysrhythmias
B. To prevent widening of the QRS complex
C. To prevent the onset of an MI
D. To prevent R-on-T Phenomenon
What medication is given prior to Intubation for suspected Increased ICP in a Traumatic Brain Injury?
A. Lidocaine
B. Mannitol
C. Etomidate
D. Diazepam
Sickle Cell Anemia
genetic disease-passed from parents to kids
Seen in African American population
Mutation of the RBC into a sickle shape
The RBC is unable to carry Oxygen/Hgb
Hypoxia (SOB, Dyspnea, Low Spo2)
Vaso Occlusive crisis=Clots=Poor perfusion!!!
LACTIC ACID=Severe systemic PAIN
MASSIVE DEHYDRATION
They block small vessels in the penis=priapism
May lead to splenic infarction
RBC (Erythrocyte)-carry Hgb and oxygen
Spleen (Immune System)
Filters out bacteria and viruses from the blood
Regulates WBCs and RBCs
Filters damaged blood cells
71 Male in Cardiac arrest (V-Fib)
CPR
Defibrillation
Epi 1 mg (3-5 min)
Amiodarone 300 mg or Lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg
Amiodarone 150 mg or Lidocaine 1 mg/kg
Procainamide
For V-fib and V-tach when you have maxed out Amio or Lidocaine
Condition (Disease/Injury)
Patho
Signs/Symptoms
Paramedic Treatment
Asthma Attack
High flow oxygen
Albuterol
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
Mag Sulfate
Epinephrine
Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
Corticosteroids
IV Fluids
When we are hot, what do we do to cool=Sweat
When we are cold=Shivers=Increases temp
Passive Cooling
remove from a hot environment
remove the clothes
AC on in the truck