NREMTP Review-Connor A. 🚒🚑🫀 Cardiac
P-wave
Atrial Depolarization
QRS complex
ventricular Depolarization
T-wave
ventricular repolarization
PR Interval
From the start of the P-wave to the start of the QRS
Normal PRI-.12-.20 sec (3-5 small boxes)
QRS Width
Normal-.04-.12 sec
Layers of the heart muscle
Endocardium
Myocardium
Pericardium
4 Things the Heart needs to adequately pump and function
Volume=Oxygenated Blood
Strong health Myocardium
Electrolytes
Electricity
Cardiac Conduction System (Nodal System)
SA Node "pacemaker of the heart"-Intrinsic HR-60-100 bpm
Located in the top of the right atrium
AV Node-Instrinsic-40-60 bpm
Located in the bottom of the Right atrium
Bundle of His-HR-30-40 bpm
Bundle Branches-HR-20-30 bpm
Purkinje Fibers-HR-10-20 bpm
Bundle Branch Blocks
identified by the QRS
QRS is >.12
Identified in leads V1 & V6
WiLLiaM (LBBB)
V1-See a "W"
V6-See an "M"
MoRRoW (RBBB)
V1-see an "M"
V6-See a "W"
UNSTABLE=CASH
Ischemic CP
AMS
Syncope/SOB w/ hypoxia
Hypotension
Symptomatic Bradycardia
HR less than 50 bpm
Paramedic Treatment
ABCs & O2 as needed
12 Lead EKG
IV
Atropine 1 mg for stable or unstable (Unless there is a high degree block)
TCP
OR
Dopamine 5 mcg/kg/min (5-20)
OR
Epinephrine infusion (2-10 mcg/min)
Risk factors for a blood clot
BLOOD needs to stay in constant motion, if it becomes static or stops effectively moving=It will CLOT!!!!
Surgery
Prolonged travel
Obesity
Pregnancy
Women on BCPs
Blood Clot
RBCs sticking together
Piece of fat
Air bubble
Platelets sticking together
Thrombus/Thrombosis
A static blood clot. It does NOT move
It stays in 1 place
DVT (Deep vein thrombosis)
Embolus/Embolism
A moving or traveling blood clot
Pulmonary Embolism
Patho-A moving blood clot that gets stuck and wedged in the Pulmonary Artery
An acute or immediate onset of CP & SOB!!!!
Pleuritic CP (CP on inhalation)
JVD
Tachycardia
Hypotension****
Hemoptysis (Coughing up blood)***
S1Q3T3 pattern on the EKG
Normal Heart Sounds
S1 (Lub)
S2 (Dub)
Stable Rapid A-fib w/ RVR & Rapid A-Flutter
Cardizem (Diltiazem)
Antidysrhythmic Drugs
Classes 1-5
Aneurysm
Swelling or ballooning of an Artery
Dissecting Aneurysm
The blood is dissecting and separating the layers of an artery
Ruptured Aneurysm
Artery
has high pressure in it
Carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
3 layers of an artery
Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa
Aorta
Largest artery in the human body
Caused by UNCONTROLLED HTN!!!!!!!!
TAA
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Severe CP tearing/ripping into the upper back
Unequal BP in each arm
AAA
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Severe abdominal pain tearing/ripping into the lower back
Unequal BPs in each leg
Weak or unequal pedal pulses