General Discussion

Invasive (Going into the body)

• IV

• Intubation

• Injection

• Tubes

NIPPV (Non-invasive Positive pressure ventilation)

• BVM

• CPAP

• BiPap

CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)

• Giving a breath on inhalation

• 5 cmh20, 10 cmh20

BiPap (Bi-level positive airway pressure)

• Gives pressure on both inhalation and exhalation

• Prevents atelectasis (Collapsing of the alveoli)

• 10/5

Contraindications for CPAP

• Apnea

• AMS

• Unable to maintain a seated position

• SBP is less than 100 mmHg

• Chest, facial, or head trauma

Indications for use

• Left sided CHF=Crackles=Pulmonary Edema

• Near Drowning=Crackles

• Asthma attacks

• Chronic bronchitis-COPD

What's needed for the heart to function?

• Healthy Myocardium (F150 Raptor)

• Adequate blood volume

• Electricity (Gasoline)

• Electrolytes

Cardiac Conduction System (Nodal System)

1. SA Node (Top of the Left Atrium)-"Pacemaker of the Heart"-Supplies the most amount of electricity-Intrinsic HR-60-100 bpm

2. AV Node (Bottom of the Left atrium)-Intrinsic HR-40-60 bpm

3. Bundle of His-HR-30-40 bpm

4. Bundle Branches-HR-20-30 bpm

5. Purkinke Fibers-HR-10-20 bpm

Upper Respiratory Tract

• Nasopharynx

• Oropharynx

• Pharynx

• larynx

• Epiglottis

• Trachea

Lower Airway Tract

• Carina

• Lungs

• Pleura

• Main stem Bronchi

• Bronchioles

• Alveoli

Stridor (Upper)

• High pitched whistling sound heard on Inspiration

• Indicates a partial upper airway obstruction

• Choking

• Anaphylaxis

• Croup

• Epiglottitis

• Inhalation burns

• Swelling to the upper structures

Wheezing (Lower)

• A high-pitched whistling sound, most often heard on exhalation

• Due to bronchospasms and bronchoconstriction

• Asthma

• Allergic reactions

• Anaphylaxis

• COPD-Chronic bronchitis

• Pneumonia

• Burn inhalation

Rhonchi (lower)

• Accumulation of thick mucus in the bronchioles due to infection or inflammation

• productive cough

• Pneumonia

• Chronic bronchitis

• Bronchitis

Crackles=Rales=Pulmonary Edema (Lower)

• An accumulation of FLUID in the alveoli

• High pitched crackling or bubbling sound on inhalation/exhalation

• Left sided CHF

• Pneumonia

• Aspiration (When a pt. inhales liquid or food into the lungs)

• Drownings

• Pulmonary Contusion

• HAPE-High altitude pulmonary edema

Eye injuries (Foreign Body/Debris/Chemicals)

• Immediately flush the eye (s) w/ copious water for a minimum of 15 minutes

Impaled Object

• Penetrating injury to the eye

• Cover and cup the eye

• AND cover the unaffected eye

Order of abdominal/chest exam

1. Inspection-look w/ our eyes

2. Auscultation-Listen w/ our scope

3. Palpation-Feel w/ out hands

4. Percussion-Tap w/ our fingers