NREMTP Review-Yaya & Daniel 🚒🚑 Mixed Topics
Neuron-A brain cell
Axon-The long part or the tail of a neuron
Diffuse-Everywhere or all over
DAI-Diffuse Axonal Injury
Deceleration injuries/Trauma
massive shearing or destruction of the axons in the brain
Immediate Brain Death
CT scan=A bunch of fireworks or starbursts
No long-term recovery, patient will be in a coma and have clinical brain death
Pericarditis vs Endocarditis
Types of Pain (Nociceptive (Visceral vs Somatic vs Neuropathic)
Brugada Syndrome/SSS
Levine's sign vs Hamman's Sign
ACLS Algorithms
ROSC
Types of Pain
Nociceptive pain
Visceral Pain-Deep. Pain that comes from the organs, The pt. is unable to pinpoint the pain. Radiating or referred pain
Somatic Pain-pain that comes from the bones, muscles, and tissues. The pt. is ABLE to specifically pinpoint the pain
Neuropathic Pain
Comes directly from a nerve issue
Paresthesia, numbness/tingling, burning, crawling
neuropathy
Allodynia-pain felt from things, that should not normally cause pain (Breeze, clothing, water temp)
Pericarditis
Infection and inflammation of the pericardium
Caused by recent infections that eventually travel to that area
Recent dental work, IV drug user, recent surgery
Symptoms
Fever
Flu like symptoms (Chills, fever, General malaise)
Pleuritic CP (CP on inhalation) ****
Friction Rub (Loud grating sound heard on auscultation) ****
Diffuse and widespread ST elevation in all or almost ALL leads***
The CP is relieved when sitting or leaning forward****
Often, the pain may radiate to the upper back
Endocarditis
Risks
Valve disorders, congenital heart disorders
IV Drug use=Destroy the valves of the heart
Murmur-Heart valve issue
Symptoms
Night sweats
Fever and chills
Chest pain
Splinter hemorrhages
Osler nodes
Janway lesions
GI Tract
Goes from the Gums to the BUM (Lips---asshole)
Upper GI Tract
Oropharynx
Tongue
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine=Duodenum
Lower GI Tract
The other 2 parts of the small intestine (jejunum, Ileum)
Entire Large intestine (Colon)
Rectum
Anus
Hematemesis
Vomiting blood
Stomach or Esophagus
Upper GI bleed
Coffee Ground Emesis
Vomiting blood mixed w/ undigested food
Stomach
Upper GI Bleed
Melena
Dark tarry stool
Bleeding in the Duodenum
Upper GI Bleed
Hematochezia
Bright red rectal bleeding
Lower GI Bleed
Ulcerative colitis, Diverticulitis, Anal fissures, hemorrhoids
Blood in the stool
Lower GI Bleed
Upper GI Bleeds
Esophageal varices
Mallory Weiss Tear
Boerhaave Syndrome
PUD-Peptic Ulcer Disease (Erosion of the inner lining of the stomach)
Duodenal Ulcer-melena
Boerhaave Syndrome
Patho-A complete rupture of the BOTTOM of the esophagus
Severe CP!!!!!!
SOB
Air leaking into the chest cavity=Pneumomediastinum
Severe internal bleeding=Hypovolemic shock
+ Hamman's sign
Lower GI Bleeds
Ulcerative colitis
Diverticulitis
You arrive on scene to a 60 y/o male, who presents w/ diaphoresis, dizziness, and a Levine's sign, what does the Paramedic suspect?
A. Syncopal episode
B. ACS
C. cardiac Tamponade
Hypoglycemia
Brugada Syndrome
Patho-An extremely rare genetic and inherited cardiac issue that affects the rhythm
dangerous FAST Heart rates
CAB=Chain of Survival
Immediate high-quality CPR
Immediate Defibrillation
Anytime a pt has a pulse
ABCs
ROSC Algorithm
Obtain Vital Signs
Secure an airway-Intubation
PPV 10-12 min
Attach waveform capnography=35-45
Maintain Spo2-92-98%
Circulation-maintain a MAP >65 & A SBP >90 mmHg (Fluids or vasopressors)
Obtain a 12-lead EKG
If they are unresponsive or comatose, start TTM (Targeted temperature management)-Purposely put them into a hypothermic state (Cold preserves brain function and delays the onset of acidosis)