NREMTP Review-Tyler G. 🚑🚒
Contraindications to giving fluid
Crackles
Heart Failure
Pedal edema
JVD due to Heart Failure
Ascites
HTN Crisis
Electrolytes
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Bicarbonate
Potassium K+
Responsible for nerve conduction and muscle contraction, especially the heart
Lives inside the cell
Intracellular electrolyte
ACID!!!!!!!!
Hyperkalemia (Renal Failure, Crush Injuries, Rhabdomyolysis)
An accumulation of toxins, waste products (Nitrogen/Blood) =Urea
The kidneys filter out Urea, and convert it to urine
Uremia
A collection of waste products (Urea) in the blood stream
The urea then travels to the brain causing neurological deficits
Coma
Seizures
ICP and Death
The triad of treatment for Hyperkalemia (Metabolic Acidosis)
Sodium Bicarbonate-It buffers/neutralizes the acid. Raises the pH
Calcium Chloride-A cardiac protectant. It prevents the heart from going into fatal dysrhythmias (V-fib/V-tach)
Albuterol-Pulls the potassium out of the bloodstream, and back into the cells
Crush Injury (Syndrome)
Compartment Syndrome
Hyperkalemia=Metabolic Acidosis
Rhabdomyolysis
Large areas of muscles in the legs and forearms are known as "Compartments"
Ischemia-Lack of oxygenated blood flow
Injury-Further lack of oxygenated blood flow
Infarction/Necrosis-Muscle and tissue death
Compartment Syndrome
Caused by crush injuries, fractures, burns, snake bites, Cast
Increased swelling in a muscle compartment, causing an occlusion of the arterial blood flow (Cuts off circulation)
can lead to tissue ischemia and necrosis
6 Ps of Compartment Syndrome
Paresthesia (Tingling/Numbness)-Early
Pain-Early
Pallor (pale skin)-Early
Poikilothermic (Goose skin/goose bumps)-late
Pulselessness-Late
Paralysis-Late
Hyperkalemia due to a crush injury
All the cells are damaged in that area, causing the potassium to leak out of the cells, and into the bloodstream
Hyperkalemia=Metabolic Acidosis
What is the hip?
Femoral head
Femoral neck
Greater Trochanter